1098T Loophole for College Scholarship
This spring I was a senior in college with my final semester paying ~$2,500 for tuition (1098T box 1) and receiving ~$12,000 in scholarships (1098T box 5). During the year I made ~$45,000 in income from a job. Based on my research, I believe I should be able to claim the entire scholarship as taxable income to take advantage of the education credit. However, the software does not seem to work with this. I have put $9,500 as "Other income".
The software poses these questions and bolded are my answers:
You told us that you had $9,500 in Pell Grants and scholarships that weren't used to pay for tuition, books, or other qualified education expenses. Do NOT include this amount below.
Do you want to allocate part of [Name]'s Pell Grants or scholarships to room and board or other noneducational expenses such as travel, research, or certain equipment? Yes.
How much of the $12,000 [Name] received in Pell Grants and scholarships do you want to allocate to room and board or other noneducational expenses? $2,500
I believe I am inputting this correctly, but the software is giving me $0 for the education credit. Is this a software problem or am I doing something incorrect?
Answers
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Hello freetaxgator!
Thanks for laying out the details. This is a fairly common but tricky situation when trying to “allocate” scholarships in a way that maximizes the American Opportunity Credit (AOC) or Lifetime Learning Credit. Let’s walk through the rules and what might be happening in your case.
Scholarships and grants are generally tax-free if used for qualified education expenses (tuition, required fees, and required course materials).
If you choose to treat part of a scholarship as taxable income (by allocating it to nonqualified expenses like room and board), that portion is added to your taxable income. This process can free up more “out-of-pocket” qualified expenses to claim the education credit.
The American Opportunity Credit is worth up to $2,500 per eligible student, based on up to $4,000 of qualified expenses paid with your own funds (not covered by tax-free scholarships).
If no allocation is made, the IRS sees $12,000 in scholarships covering $2,500 in tuition — meaning all tuition is covered, and the excess $9,500 is taxable income. That leaves $0 of tuition paid out-of-pocket, so no education credit is available.
If scholarships (even after allocation) still cover all qualified expenses, there’s no basis for the credit. The taxable portion of the scholarship ($9,500) increases your income, but it doesn’t create qualified expenses for the credit because the remaining $2500 of the scholarship is being applied to the tuition. The IRS still sees all tuition as covered by scholarships.
If your goal is to qualify for an education credit, you would need to allocate enough scholarship to nonqualified expenses so that at least $4,000 of tuition/books is considered paid by you. If this is applicable to your situation, increasing the taxable scholarship amount may result in an education credit.
We would be happy to review your account so we can better assist you with your specific situation. Please sign in to your account and select the option to contact support.0
