Roth IRA Excess Contribution
Hello,
I contributed the maximum to my Roth IRA for this year in Jan, and discovered that my income will exceed the $155k single filer limit by the end of the year after performing a large Roth conversion in my 401K. Will I receive a 1099-R before the April 2027 filing deadline if I remove the excess contributions and earnings before the end of 2026, or will I have to wait until 2028 and deal with an amended tax return? How would I go about reporting the excess contribution on my tax return assuming I get the correct 1099-R form on time, or in the event that I don't get it?
Answers
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Just to be clear, the amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA as a single filer phases out from $153k to $168k for 2026. If you withdraw the excess before the end of the year, it will be reported on your 1099-R in early 2027 with code J8. Be sure to tell the trustee why you are making the withdrawal, and ask that they calculate and distribute the earnings as well as the excess contribution. The total distribution will be reported in Box 1. Any earnings will be taxable and will be reported in Box 2a. You don't otherwise report the excess contribution and just report the 1099-R as received. It is recommended that you add an explanation.
If you wait until after the first of next year to withdraw the excess, it becomes more complicated. There is no penalty if you withdraw it by the due date of your return. You won't receive the 1099-R until early 2028, but it needs to be reported on your 2026 return. If you can determine the earnings and other items that will be on the 1099-R, you can go ahead and include it on your 2026 return. Use code JP for box 7. But if you get the earnings wrong, you will have to amend the 2026 return when you actually get the 1099-R.
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Hello splat2030! GregW is correct. For the same-year withdrawal, the total distribution goes in Box 1, only the earnings go in Box 2a, and you simply report the 1099-R as received. Adding an explanatory statement is a good idea. For the next-year scenario, you're right that you can estimate the earnings and include a placeholder 1099-R on your 2026 return to avoid amending later, but if the earnings figure turns out to be wrong, an amended return will be necessary once the actual 1099-R arrives in 2028.0
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How do I add the explanatory statement if filing electronically and how should it be worded?
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Hello Splat2030,
I am sorry, but a explantory statement cannot be added in the software. You'll need to add it to a mailed amendment.
Let me clarify something. When you made the contribution for 2025, in January 2026 and then withdrew the amount before the filing deadline in 2026, you WILL get a 1099-R form in 2027, not 2028. You can then amend your 2025 return as soon as you get the 1099-R in January or February 2027.
The statement may state what you explained perviously, "I contributed the maximum to my Roth IRA for this year in Jan, and discovered that my income exceeded the $155k single filer limit by the end of the year after performing a large Roth conversion in my 401K. I removed the excess contributions and earnings before the fling deadline of 2026"
Or was this contribution for 2026? That was unclear. If it is and you withdraw the excess, before the end of 2026, then it is treated as if you never made the contribution and you will only be taxed on the earnings, which will be reported on a 2027 Form 1099-R and you will get it in time to file your 2026 return in 2027.0 -
The contribution was for 2026. Do I still need to make the explanatory statement if I withdraw it before the end of 2026? The previous comment from JanaA implied that I would need to add the statement under this scenario.
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Hello splat2030,
If the contribution was for 2026, then an explanatory statement is generally not required. When you withdraw a 2026 contribution in 2026, it is as if it was never made, but if you have earnings, that is reported as taxable income. You will get a 1099-R that is reported on your 2026 return.0 -
If the value of the Roth IRA was 300K in Jan 2026 when I made the excess contribution of 7.5K, and the current value is 333K at the time I am going to remove the excess contribution in July 2026, would I withdraw only the 7.5k contribution + 825 earnings on the contribution, or do I have to withdraw the 7.5K contribution + 33K earnings on the entire Roth account?
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Don't try to calculate the earnings yourself. The calculation can be complex and will depend on the exact value on the date of withdrawal, and must take into account any other contributions and withdrawals. Tell the trustee you are withdrawing the excess contribution of 7.5K made in January and they will calculate the net income attributable to that contribution.
In your example, if the value was $300K immediately before making the excess contribution (and assuming there were no other contributions or withdrawals), your NIA would only be about $622, not $825 (see IRS Publication 590-A, Worksheet 1-4).
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Hi Splat2030,
Our community member, GregW, is correct. Don't try the calculation on your own. Contact your IRA trustee and make the withdrawal and they will calculate the earnings.0 -
I have the same Excess Roth Contributions/Earnings scenario this year & already withdrew them online after calling Fidelity (my Brokerage for my Roth IRA). It's hard to find, but they do have a specific page for HSA Excess Contributions and a separate one for Roth IRA Excess Contributions that has pulldown tabs to walk you through it (though it was very helpful calling to discuss it first).
Separately, a few years ago I had similar HSA Excess Contributions for different reasons. After withdrawing through my brokerage, I filed using FreeTaxUSA Software. After entering the 1099-R info the software asks related questions. I don't recall if it allowed me to free text my brief comment there or if I had to edit my 1040 later. But the earnings are entered under 1040 Schedule1 Part 1 Additional Income, specifically line 8z.
I almost recall having to manually enter the tiny amount (I'm guessing because the earnings were only $3, the software may have skipped reporting as income as it was <$10 and perhaps need not be reported, like tiny bank account interest). I think I recall after not seeing it reported anywhere, going to the end of the income section where I clicked on Other Income. After entering, it gets transferred to the above Schedule 1 line 8. I simply entered the $3 and entered "1099-SA '25 DISTRIB OF EARNINGS ON EXCESS CONTR" and it showed up on line 8z. The total of all additional income is then automatically reported to 1040 line 8 Other Income from Schedule 1. It's the same for Roth Excess Contributions EARNINGS.
This year after entering my 1099-R info if the software doesn't specifically enter it completely, I'll do the same under Other Income, entering the amount and "1099-R '26 DISTRIB OF EARNINGS ON EXCESS Roth CONTR". It's possible I entered it in the wrong software section but that's the correct way to report it for Earnings from HSA or Roth Excess Contributions that were also withdrawn. [It definitely reported my 1099-R info; so that's the only reason I could guess why it wouldn't report box 2A earnings somewhere, being <$10)
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